Comparison between two rat models of cardiac arrest: asphyxiation and ventricular fibrillation / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To compare the differences in cardiac function and neurological function between asphyxia and ventricular fibrillation (VF)induced cardiac arrest rat model.Methods·Twenty healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into VF group (n=8),asphyxial group (n=8)and sham group (n=4).Cardiac arrest models were established in VF group and asphyxial group by VF and asphyxia respectively.All animals were observed for 24 h and advanced life support was offered for the first 1 h after resuscitation.During the 24 h,ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac output (CO) were measured with the help of cardiac ultrasonography at 1,3,5 and 6 h post resuscitation.Electrocardiographic changes,24 h survival analysis and neurological deficit score (NDS) were also recorded and analyzed at 6,12,18 and 24 h post resuscitation.Results·Both EF and CO decreased dramatically after resuscitation compared with sham group at the same time point (P=0.000).At 1 h post resuscitation,the CO decreased from (98.84±4.86)mL/min to (59.17±22.99) mL/min in VF group and from (99.86±10.34) mL/min to (46,02±22.32) mL/min in asphyxial group,but there was no difference between the two groups (P=0.792).At 3,5 and 6 h post resuscitation,the CO in VF group was higher than that in asphyxial group (P=0.041,P=0.007,P=0.020).At 1 h post resuscitation,the EF decreased from (82.67±6.21)％ to (70.23±13.24)％ in VF group and from (83.24±3.01)％ to (65.46±13.11)％in asphyxial group,but no difference was observed between the two groups (P=0.877).Then a recovery tendency was observed in both groups,but more obvious in VF group at 3 and 5 h post resuscitation (P=0.031,P=0.024).No difference was found between the two groups in survival rate during 24 h and the NDS after resuscitation,although the neurological function was greatly impaired.Conclusion·VF and asphyxia are most commonly used methods to induce cardiac arrest,but these models may differ in cardiac function post resuscitation.Researchers need to choose appropriate models according to their study objectives.

Expression of caspase-3 in rat kidney with renal tubular damage induced by lipopolysaccharide and hypoxia / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the expression of caspase-3 in the kidney of a rat model of renal tubular damage induced by endotoxin and hypoxia and explore the mechanism of renal tubular damage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten rats were anesthetized with artificial ventilation and received 2 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection through the penile vein. The FiO2 was reduced 90 min later from 21% to 5%, and the ventilation was withdrawn after another 90 min. Immediately after ventilation withdrawal, the kidney of the rats were obtained for immunocytochemistry and HE staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HE staining showed obvious hyperemia in most of the glomeruli, mild swelling of the endothelial and mesangial cells, severe swelling and turbidity in the proximal tubular epithelial cells without obvious changes in most of the distal proximal tubules. A small portion of the interstitial epithelial cells showed swelling and turbidity, and the entire renal interstitium appeared hyperemic but without inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunocytochemistry detected the presence of caspase-3 in the cytoplasm, and most of the distal renal tubule cells were positive for caspase-3, while only occasional cells showed caspase-3 positivity in the proximal tubular epithelial cells. Most of the proximal tubular epithelial and glomerulus cells were negative for caspase-3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Endotoxin and hypoxia can induce renal damage, particularly in the proximal renal tubule cells, and the distal tubular epithelial cells sustain relatively light damage. Caspase-3 is strongly expressed in the distal renal tubular cells, suggesting that in renal tubular damage induced by endotoxin and hypoxia, cell degeneration, necrosis and apoptosis coexist in the tubular epithelial cells; degeneration and necrosis occur primarily in the proximal tubular epithelial cells, while apoptosis is obvious in the distal renal cells.</p>

The changes of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) mRNAs in endometrium with endometriosis / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To explore the expression of ER and PR mRNAs in endometrium with endometriosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat model of endometriosis was established, and the expression of ER, PR mRNAs in the endometrium was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of ER and PR mRNAs in ectopic endometrium was significantly lower than that in eutopic and normal endometrium (P < 0.01). But no difference was observed between eutopic and normal endometrium (P > 0.05). Ratio of ER/PR mRNA in ectopic endometrium was larger than that in eutopic and in normal endometrium (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The result illuminates that the increased ER plays a vital role in the onset of endometriosis.</p>

The usefulness of the modified mini-mental status examination for cognitive dysfunction screening in lupus / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To establish the bedside screening scale for cognition examination in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.Methods The modified mini-mental status examination(MMMSE)(revised by the Neurology Department of Hua Shan Hospital)was applied to examine the recognition function of SLE pa- tients.The results were compared with those of the traditional mini-mental status examination(MMSE).Results MMSE examination results showed that NPSLE score was lower than that of normal control group(P＜0.01),no significant difference was found between NPSLE patients and SLE control group(P＞0,05),and the completion time was longer than SLE control group and normal control group(P＜0.01);but no significant difference was found between SLE control group and normal control group.The result of MMMSE examination showed that the score of NPSLE group was lower than that of SLE control group and normal control group(P＜0.01),and the completion time was longer than SLE control group and normal control group(P＜0.01);but the score of SLE control group was lower than the normal control group,and its completion time was longer than normal control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).Conclusion MMSE is the most widely used dementia scale,but it is not sensitive in demonstrating the impairment of recognition function.The several items we added to the MMMSE can detect recognition impairment more sensitively,and ean be very easily applied,costs less time(within 10 minutes).Therefore,it can be used for SLE bedside screening.